The Truth About Recycling

Did you know that most of the items you toss into the recycling bin never actually get recycled? While recycling is often celebrated as a simple solution to waste, the reality is far more complicated. In the United States, recycling systems are flawed, and their environmental benefits are often overstated. Even worse, much of the waste we can’t process gets shipped to countries in the Global South, creating environmental and social challenges for communities already facing systemic injustices. It’s time to uncover the truth about recycling and explore how we can make a real impact for people and the planet.

Marginalized communities, particularly low-income and communities of color, are often forced to live near waste facilities like landfills, incinerators, and recycling plants. These facilities emit harmful pollutants that degrade air and water quality, leading to serious health issues like respiratory problems and cancer. Because these communities typically have less political influence, they have limited power to oppose the siting of these waste facilities in their neighborhoods, resulting in long-term environmental harm and environmental injustice.

The Global South, which includes countries in Africa, Latin America, and Southeast Asia, is often burdened with waste exported from wealthier nations in the West. When recycling or waste management systems in the U.S. and other developed countries fail, much of the waste is shipped overseas, where it is often dumped or processed in ways that harm both the environment and human health. Countries in the Global South, lacking sufficient infrastructure to handle such waste, face severe pollution from hazardous materials like plastics, e-waste, and toxic chemicals. Informal waste pickers, many of whom are in vulnerable, low-income communities, are forced to work in dangerous conditions without proper protection, exposing themselves to harmful substances linked to cancer, respiratory issues, and other health problems. This global waste trade deepens existing inequalities, as these nations bear the brunt of the West's consumption without the resources or support to mitigate the damage.

Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development: https://www.oecd.org/env/waste/ghg-materialsmanagement.htm

Center for International Law: https://www.ciel.org/plasticandclimate/

Production, use, and fate of all plastics ever made: https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/3/7/e1700782/tab-pdf